Agent based modelling (ABM)

Agent-based modeling is as old as computer science and a well established methodology in all (?) areas of SocSci. It has its own programming languages (Swarm, NetLogo, ...) and is too big an area to say much about here. Just two references:

Wikipedia

LABMRG: Leicester Agent Based Modelling Reading Group

A closely related research direction, adding to ABM a new focus on big data, is