Snippets
Created by
Peter Scargill
last modified
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#include "SSD1306Ascii.h"
#include "SSD1306AsciiWire.h"
#include <EEPROM.h>
#include <dht.h>
// UPS (un-interruptible supply) software
// Peter Scargill 2017 - https://tech.scargill.net
//
// This Atmega 328 low cost solution powers up with an SSD1306 display, showing the
// battery voltage (needs dividers - I used 2k2 ground to input, 10k input to battery)
// with programmable offset to compensate for resistor variation.
// Averages voltage over 8 seconds to avoid spikes and save hardware filtering
//
// Starts up - if voltage above upper threshold for a while turns
// output bit on - that controls a P-channel MOSFET on output
// of voltage booster - power the board from booster BEFORE the MOSFET
// There is a warning bit- to warn micro of impending
// shutdown. Shutdown when LOW.
//
// Shuts down power after giving load time to respond and turn off
// also shuts down after this point EVEN if the power came back on after warning bit
// went low. While off uses minimal display area to save current (OLED)
// Then turns back on when battery is up to it. Big programmable hysteresis between
// shutdown voltage and wakeup voltage
//
// Additional functionality:
// - long-press UP to trigger orderly shutdown. In that state press DOWN to restore
// - long-press DOWN to trigger test voltage reset. Sets average voltage to ZERO
// temporarily - this triggers warning and shutdown - and eventual reboot
// - Added optional, programmable warning beeper (Piezo)
// - Added serial JSON (optional) monitor
// - Watchdog timeout from 1 minute through 255 minutes - change of state pin WATCHDOG
// In normal operation shows total on time and total off time
// = new logging graphics - long-press SET button to see 0-5v battery over time
//
// Use 328-based board similar regulator (pref low loss) and no USB chip. If possible
// run OLED off 3v3.
//
// Blog has more - as does this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44Lvdf7o4GQ
// Now set up for the 32-pixel displays - got everything down to 4 lines
dht DHT; // temperature sensing
SSD1306AsciiWire oled;
#define VER "v1.15"
#define I2C_ADDRESS 0x3C
#define OPTIMIZE_I2C 1
struct
{
uint16_t check;
float highV;
float lowV;
uint8_t startTimeout;
uint8_t goodTimeout;
uint8_t warningTimeout;
uint8_t offTimeout;
int16_t batteryOffset;
uint16_t tone;
uint8_t smon;
uint8_t watchdog;
uint16_t pause;
uint8_t twarn;
} eeSave;
// pins
#define WATCHDOG 3 // watchdog in - looking for change of state - normally pulled high
#define SET 4 // button
#define WARNING 5 // inverted output - when it goes LOW, PC should shut down
#define UP 6 // button
#define DOWN 7 // button
#define CHARGER_STDBY 8
#define CHARGER_CHRG 9
#define CHARGER_CE 10
#define DHT22_PIN 11 // temperature sensor
#define POWER 12 // inverted - ON - power to MOSFET
#define TONE 13 // optional mini beeper for warning
#define RPROG A0
#define VSOLAR A1
#define VSUPPLY A2
#define BOOST_ENABLE A3
// A4 and A5 are SDA and SCL for I2c
#define ICHARGE A6
#define VBAT A7 // voltage reading via 2k2 to ground and 10k to battery+ (maybe should be 22k and 100k)
#define POWERUP_STATE 0
#define GOOD_STATE 1
#define TIMEOUT_STATE 2
#define OFF_STATE 3
#define SHUTDOWN_STATE 4
#define WAITING 60 // wait before actually turning off "relay" after
#define ONDELAY 20 // delay before turning on
#define SWITCHON 3.7 // defaults for hysteresis voltage
#define SWITCHOFF 3.1
#define LONGPRESS_UP 20 // 10ths of second before long presson UP triggers shutdown
#define LONGPRESS_DOWN 20 // 10ths of second before battery fail test
#define LONGPRESS_SET 20 // 10ths of second before graphics display
#define SHOWGRAPH 10 // 10 seconds showing graphical info
#define SHUTDOWN_PERIOD 20
uint8_t showGraph = 0;
uint32_t secs = 0;
uint32_t upSecs = 0;
uint32_t downSecs = 0;
uint8_t triggerShutdown = 0;
uint32_t mySecs = 0;
uint8_t watchdogTrigger = 0;
uint8_t watchdogTimer = 0;
uint8_t watchdogState = 0;
uint8_t secondsCounter = 0;
uint8_t refresh = 0;
void LcdP(char *fmt, ...)
{
char buf[22]; // resulting string limited to 128 chars
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
vsnprintf(buf, 128, fmt, args);
va_end(args);
oled.print(buf);
}
uint32_t mymillis = 0;
uint32_t my100millis = 0;
uint8_t lightState = 0;
uint8_t state = 0; // 0 is power up, 1 is on, 2 is turning off
uint8_t stateCounter = 0; // might want to stay in a state for some time
uint8_t startCounter = 0; // startup fallover into OFF state
float vol;
uint8_t onDelay = 0;
uint16_t average;
int temperatureReading;
int humidityReading;
uint8_t updateTimeout = 0;
char *theState = "standby";
uint8_t instate = 0;
uint8_t updated = 0;
uint8_t sKeypressed = 0;
uint8_t uKeypressed = 0;
uint8_t dKeypressed = 0;
uint8_t logit[128];
uint16_t logPause = 0;
void gotoXY(int x, int y)
{
oled.setCursor(x, y);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setup()
{
EEPROM.get(0, eeSave);
analogReference(INTERNAL);
if (eeSave.check != 0x52d1)
{
eeSave.check = 0x52d1;
eeSave.highV = SWITCHON;
eeSave.lowV = SWITCHOFF;
eeSave.startTimeout = 5;
eeSave.goodTimeout = 5;
eeSave.warningTimeout = 25;
eeSave.offTimeout = 20;
eeSave.batteryOffset = 400;
eeSave.tone = 0;
eeSave.smon = 0;
eeSave.watchdog = 0;
eeSave.pause = 0;
eeSave.twarn = 40;
EEPROM.put(0, eeSave);
}
Wire.begin();
oled.begin(&Adafruit128x32, I2C_ADDRESS);
oled.set400kHz();
oled.setFont(Adafruit5x7);
uint32_t m = micros();
Serial.begin(115200); // serial JSON data out if set
#define POWERON LOW
#define POWEROFF HIGH
#define WARNINGON LOW
#define WARNINGOFF HIGH
digitalWrite(POWER, POWEROFF); pinMode(POWER, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(WARNING, WARNINGOFF); pinMode(WARNING, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(TONE, 0); pinMode(TONE, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SET, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(UP, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(DOWN, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(WATCHDOG, INPUT_PULLUP);
average = analogRead(VBAT); // we start off with read value;
oled.clear();
my100millis = millis() + 1000;
state = 0;
stateCounter = eeSave.startTimeout;
watchdogState = digitalRead(WATCHDOG);
}
/*
// Float to ASCII conversion
char *ftoa(char *a, double f, int precision)
{
long p[] = {0,10,100,1000,10000,100000,1000000,10000000,100000000};
char *ret = a;
long heiltal = (long)f;
itoa(heiltal, a, 10);
while (*a != '\0') a++;
a++ = '.';
long desimal = abs((long)((f - heiltal) * p[precision]));
itoa(desimal, a, 10);
return ret;
}
*/
void showBattery(void)
{
LcdP("%d.%02dv", int(vol), ((int(vol * 100)) % 100)); oled.clearToEOL();
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void loop()
{
// main loop
if (my100millis <= millis()) // 100ms for key check
{
my100millis += 100;
if ((eeSave.watchdog) && (watchdogTrigger == 0))
{
if (watchdogState != digitalRead(WATCHDOG)) {
watchdogTimer = eeSave.watchdog;
watchdogTrigger = 0;
watchdogState = digitalRead(WATCHDOG);
}
}
if (digitalRead(SET) == 1)
{
if (sKeypressed)
{ if (sKeypressed < LONGPRESS_SET)
{
if (showGraph) {
showGraph = 0;
oled.clear();
instate = 255 ;
sKeypressed = 0;
refresh = 1;
}
instate++;
updated = 0;
updateTimeout = 100;
}
sKeypressed = 0;
}
}
else
{
sKeypressed++;
if (sKeypressed == LONGPRESS_SET) showGraph = SHOWGRAPH;
if (sKeypressed >> LONGPRESS_SET) sKeypressed--;
}
if (digitalRead(UP) == 1) // special case long press is reset...
{
if (uKeypressed)
{
if (uKeypressed < LONGPRESS_UP)
{
switch (instate)
{
case 1 : if (eeSave.highV < 4.3) eeSave.highV += 0.1; break;
case 2 : if (eeSave.lowV < 4.2) eeSave.lowV += 0.1; break;
case 3 : eeSave.startTimeout++; break;
case 4 : eeSave.goodTimeout++; break;
case 5 : eeSave.warningTimeout++; break;
case 6 : eeSave.offTimeout++; break;
case 7 : eeSave.batteryOffset++; break;
case 8 : if (eeSave.tone < 5000) eeSave.tone += 500; else eeSave.tone = 0; break;
case 9 : eeSave.smon = 1; break;
case 10 : eeSave.watchdog++;
watchdogTimer = eeSave.watchdog; watchdogTrigger = 0; break;
case 11: if (eeSave.pause < 5) eeSave.pause++; break;
case 12: if (eeSave.twarn < 99) eeSave.twarn++; break;
}
updated = 0;
updateTimeout = 100;
}
uKeypressed = 0;
}
}
else
{
uKeypressed++;
if (uKeypressed == LONGPRESS_UP) triggerShutdown = 1;
if (uKeypressed > LONGPRESS_UP) uKeypressed--;
}
if (digitalRead(DOWN) == 1)
{
if (dKeypressed)
{
if (dKeypressed < LONGPRESS_DOWN)
{
switch (instate)
{
case 1 : if (eeSave.highV > 2.3) eeSave.highV -= 0.1; break;
case 2 : if (eeSave.lowV > 2.2) eeSave.lowV -= 0.1; break;
case 3 : eeSave.startTimeout--; break;
case 4 : eeSave.goodTimeout--; break;
case 5 : eeSave.warningTimeout--; break;
case 6 : eeSave.offTimeout--; break;
case 7 : eeSave.batteryOffset--; break;
case 8 : if (eeSave.tone >= 500) eeSave.tone -= 500; break;
case 9 : eeSave.smon = 0; break;
case 10 : if (eeSave.watchdog) eeSave.watchdog--;
watchdogTimer = eeSave.watchdog; watchdogTrigger = 0; break;
case 11 : if (eeSave.pause) eeSave.pause--; break;
case 12 : if (eeSave.twarn) eeSave.twarn--; break;
}
updated = 0;
updateTimeout = 100;
}
dKeypressed = 0;
}
}
else
{
dKeypressed++;
if (dKeypressed == LONGPRESS_DOWN) average = 0;
if (dKeypressed > LONGPRESS_DOWN) dKeypressed--;
}
if (eeSave.highV <= eeSave.lowV) eeSave.highV = eeSave.lowV + 0.1;
if (eeSave.lowV >= eeSave.highV) eeSave.lowV = eeSave.highV - 0.1;
switch (instate)
{
case 0: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 1: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("SET: HiV=%d.%d ", int(eeSave.highV), ((int(eeSave.highV * 100)) % 100) / 10); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 2: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("SET: LoV=%d.%d ", int(eeSave.lowV), ((int(eeSave.lowV * 100)) % 100) / 10); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 3: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("SET: Start=%d secs", eeSave.startTimeout); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 4: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("SET: Good=%d secs", eeSave.goodTimeout); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 5: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("SET: Warn=%d secs", eeSave.warningTimeout); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 6: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("SET: Off=%d secs", eeSave.offTimeout); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 7: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("SET: Boffs=%d", eeSave.batteryOffset - 400); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 8: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("Warning tone=%dHz", eeSave.tone); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 9: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("Serial mon On/Off: %d", eeSave.smon); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 10: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("Watchdog=%d mins", eeSave.watchdog); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 11: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
switch (eeSave.pause)
{
case 0 : LcdP("Log period=NONE"); break;
case 1 : LcdP("Log period=1 sec"); break;
case 2 : LcdP("Log period=10 secs"); break;
case 3 : LcdP("Log period=1 min"); break;
case 4 : LcdP("Log period=10 mins"); break;
case 5 : LcdP("Log period=1 hr"); break;
default : LcdP("Log period=??"); break;
}
oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 12: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("Temp warning=%dc", eeSave.twarn); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 13: if (updated == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
LcdP("Version=%s", VER); oled.clearToEOL();
updated = 1;
}
break;
case 14: updated = 0; instate = 0; break;
}
if (updateTimeout)
{
if (--updateTimeout == 0)
{
instate = 0;
updated = 0;
EEPROM.put(0, eeSave);
}
}
}
// main 1 second loop here for determining where we are
if (mymillis <= millis())
{
mymillis += 1000; // every second we do this
int chk = DHT.read22(DHT22_PIN);
average = ((average * 7) + analogRead(VBAT)) / 8; //i.e. average over 8 seconds 0-1023 = 0-5v - might make testing longer in the end
vol = (((float)average) * 5.0 / 824.0) * (float)eeSave.batteryOffset / 400.0; //10k/2k2
if (eeSave.pause) {
if ((mySecs % 60) == 0) logPause++;
} else logPause++;
if (eeSave.pause == 1) {
logPause++; // 1 second
}
else if (eeSave.pause == 2) {
if ((mySecs % 10) == 0) logPause++; // 10 seconds
}
else if (eeSave.pause == 3) {
if ((mySecs % 60) == 0) logPause++; // 1 minute
}
else if (eeSave.pause == 4) {
if ((mySecs % 600) == 0) logPause++; // 10 minutes
}
else if (eeSave.pause == 5) {
if ((mySecs % 3600) == 0) logPause++; // 1 hour
}
mySecs++;
if (logPause > eeSave.pause) // log 128 values 0-30 = 0-5v - 2 secs updating for testing
{
logPause = 0;
for (int a = 0; a < 127; a++) logit[a] = logit[a + 1];
logit[126] = ((int)(vol * 6.0));
}
if (triggerShutdown) {
triggerShutdown = 0;
state = SHUTDOWN_STATE;
stateCounter = SHUTDOWN_PERIOD;
}
char bString[64];
sprintf(bString, "{\"state\": %d,\"battery\": %d.%02d,\"upsecs\":%ld,\"downsecs\":%ld}", state, int(vol), (int)(vol * 100) % 100, upSecs, downSecs);
if (eeSave.smon) Serial.println(bString);
if (showGraph)
{
if (showGraph == SHOWGRAPH)
{
uint8_t val;
oled.clear();
oled.setCursor(0, 0);
for (int a = 0; a < 128; a++)
{
//uint32_t point=(0x80000000>>logit[a])|0x80000001;
uint32_t point = (((0x80000000 >> logit[a]) - 1) ^ 0xffffffff) | 0x80000001;
if ((a == 0) || (a == 127)) point = 0xffffffff;
oled.setCursor(a, 0); oled.ssd1306WriteRamBuf((uint8_t)((point) & 255));
oled.setCursor(a, 1); oled.ssd1306WriteRamBuf((uint8_t)((point >> 8) & 255));;
oled.setCursor(a, 2); oled.ssd1306WriteRamBuf((uint8_t)((point >> 16) & 255));
oled.setCursor(a, 3); oled.ssd1306WriteRamBuf((uint8_t)((point >> 24) & 255));
}
oled.setCursor(0, 0);
}
showGraph--; if (showGraph == 0) refresh = 1;
}
else
{
switch (state)
{
case POWERUP_STATE : // powered up everything off
secondsCounter = 0;
if ((stateCounter == eeSave.startTimeout) || (refresh)) {
refresh = 0;
gotoXY(0, 0);
LcdP("Starting up..");
oled.clearToEOL();
}
if (stateCounter) --stateCounter;
gotoXY(0, 1); LcdP("Bat="); showBattery();
gotoXY(0, 2); LcdP("Wait=%03d secs", stateCounter); oled.clearToEOL();
digitalWrite(WARNING, WARNINGON); // no warning
digitalWrite(POWER, POWEROFF);
if (vol > eeSave.highV)
{
if (stateCounter == 0) {
stateCounter = eeSave.goodTimeout;
state = GOOD_STATE;
}
} else
{
if (stateCounter == 0) {
stateCounter = eeSave.offTimeout;
state = OFF_STATE;
}
}
break;
case GOOD_STATE : // battery is above upper threshold
if ((stateCounter == eeSave.goodTimeout) || (refresh)) {
refresh = 0;
gotoXY(0, 0);
LcdP("** Pi Power %s **", VER);
oled.clearToEOL();
watchdogTimer = eeSave.watchdog;
}
if (stateCounter) --stateCounter;
if (++secondsCounter == 60)
{
secondsCounter = 0;
if (watchdogTimer) {
watchdogTimer--; // only do this when battery is ok
if (watchdogTimer == 0) watchdogTrigger = 1;
}
}
if (watchdogTrigger) {
watchdogTrigger = 0; // reboot
stateCounter = eeSave.warningTimeout;
state = TIMEOUT_STATE;
}
gotoXY(0, 1);
if (watchdogTimer) LcdP("WDT: %d:%02d ", watchdogTimer, 59 - secondsCounter);
else
{
temperatureReading = (int)DHT.temperature;
humidityReading = (int)DHT.humidity;
if (chk == DHTLIB_OK)
{
if (mySecs & 2) LcdP("Tem=%dc ", temperatureReading); else LcdP("Hum=%d%% ", humidityReading);
if (temperatureReading > eeSave.twarn) tone(TONE, eeSave.tone, 100);
}
}
LcdP("Bat="); showBattery();
gotoXY(0, 2); LcdP("HiV=%d.%dv LoV=%d.%dv", int(eeSave.highV), ((int(eeSave.highV * 100)) % 100) / 10, int(eeSave.lowV), ((int(eeSave.lowV * 100)) % 100) / 10); oled.clearToEOL();
digitalWrite(WARNING, WARNINGOFF); // no warning
digitalWrite(POWER, POWERON);
if (vol < eeSave.lowV)
{
gotoXY(0, 3); LcdP("Wait=%03d secs", stateCounter); oled.clearToEOL();
if (stateCounter == 0) {
stateCounter = eeSave.warningTimeout;
state = TIMEOUT_STATE;
}
} else
{
stateCounter = eeSave.goodTimeout - 1;
if ((instate == 0) && (vol >= eeSave.lowV))
{
gotoXY(0, 3);
if (mySecs & 2) {
LcdP("On= %04ldd %02ld:%02ld:%02ld", upSecs / 86400, (upSecs / 3600) % 24, (upSecs % 3600) / 60, upSecs % 60);
oled.clearToEOL();
}
else {
LcdP("Off=%04ldd %02ld:%02ld:%02ld", downSecs / 86400, (downSecs / 3600) % 24 , (downSecs % 3600) / 60, downSecs % 60);
oled.clearToEOL();
}
}
}
++upSecs;
break;
case TIMEOUT_STATE : // battery has dropped below upper threshold - ALWAYS timeout to OFF_STATE
secondsCounter = 0;
if ((stateCounter == eeSave.warningTimeout) || (refresh)) {
refresh = 0;
oled.clear();
}
gotoXY(0, 0); LcdP("Timoutout. Bat="); showBattery();
gotoXY(0, 1); LcdP("Wait=%03d secs", stateCounter); oled.clearToEOL();
digitalWrite(WARNING, WARNINGON); // warning
digitalWrite(POWER, POWERON);
if (eeSave.tone) tone(TONE, eeSave.tone, 100);
if (stateCounter) --stateCounter;
if (stateCounter == 0 ) {
stateCounter = eeSave.offTimeout;
state = OFF_STATE;
}
++upSecs;
break;
case OFF_STATE : // everything off
secondsCounter = 0;
if ((stateCounter == eeSave.offTimeout) || (refresh)) {
refresh = 0;
oled.clear();
}
if (stateCounter) --stateCounter;
if (vol <= eeSave.highV) {
gotoXY(0, 0);
LcdP("Stdby. Bat=");
showBattery();
}
digitalWrite(WARNING, WARNINGON); // LEAVE ON ie LOW
digitalWrite(POWER, POWEROFF);
if (vol > eeSave.highV)
{
gotoXY(0, 0); LcdP("Warming up. Bat="); showBattery();
gotoXY(0, 1); LcdP("Wait=%03d secs", stateCounter); oled.clearToEOL();
if (stateCounter == 0) {
stateCounter = eeSave.goodTimeout;
state = GOOD_STATE;
}
} else
{
stateCounter = eeSave.offTimeout - 1; // avoid clearscreen
// gotoXY(0, 3); oled.clearToEOL();
}
++downSecs;
break;
case SHUTDOWN_STATE: // everything off and stays off... hold the SET button.... set state to SHUTDOWN_STATE and stateCounter to SHUTDOWN_PERIOD
secondsCounter = 0;
if ((stateCounter == SHUTDOWN_PERIOD) || (refresh))
{
refresh = 0;
oled.clear();
gotoXY(0, 2); LcdP("Shutdown commencing.."); oled.clearToEOL();
digitalWrite(WARNING, WARNINGON); // warning
}
if (stateCounter)
{ --stateCounter;
if (stateCounter == 0)
{
gotoXY(0, 2); LcdP("Shutdown COMPLETE"); oled.clearToEOL();
digitalWrite(WARNING, WARNINGON); // LEAVE ON ie LOW
digitalWrite(POWER, POWEROFF);
}
}
else if (digitalRead(DOWN) == 0) {
oled.clear();
state = POWERUP_STATE;
stateCounter = eeSave.startTimeout;
}
}
}
}
}
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